<!doctype html>



  


<html class="theme-next mist use-motion" lang="zh-Hans">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"/>






<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" />
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" />















  
  
  <link href="/lib/fancybox/source/jquery.fancybox.css?v=2.1.5" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />




  
  
  
  

  
    
    
  

  

  

  

  

  
    
    
    <link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,300italic,400,400italic,700,700italic&subset=latin,latin-ext" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
  






<link href="/lib/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css?v=4.6.2" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />

<link href="/css/main.css?v=5.1.1" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />


  <meta name="keywords" content="iOS," />





  <link rel="alternate" href="/atom.xml" title="Bingo's Blog" type="application/atom+xml" />




  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.ico?v=5.1.1" />






<meta name="description" content="前言我父亲在中国电信工作，平日很关心我的工作情况，大到深圳的各种人才培养政策、户口迁移相关事项、公租房等的福利，再到互联网行业的发展趋势，小到工作上的一些项目，比如 顺丰大当家 这个项目，为了支持我们他特意走完一遍测试流程，买了一箱乌鸡蛋感受一下顺丰快递的实力，确实是隔日就完好无损地送到，但在 APP 上却出现了一些 BUG 并反馈给我。 我父亲就是一个如此爱我，支持我并呵护着我的人。 昨晚跟我">
<meta name="keywords" content="iOS">
<meta property="og:type" content="article">
<meta property="og:title" content="移动开发者的冬天">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://bingozb.github.io/43.html">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Bingo's Blog">
<meta property="og:description" content="前言我父亲在中国电信工作，平日很关心我的工作情况，大到深圳的各种人才培养政策、户口迁移相关事项、公租房等的福利，再到互联网行业的发展趋势，小到工作上的一些项目，比如 顺丰大当家 这个项目，为了支持我们他特意走完一遍测试流程，买了一箱乌鸡蛋感受一下顺丰快递的实力，确实是隔日就完好无损地送到，但在 APP 上却出现了一些 BUG 并反馈给我。 我父亲就是一个如此爱我，支持我并呵护着我的人。 昨晚跟我">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://bingozb.github.io/images/blog/43/cold.jpg">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://bingozb.github.io/images/blog/43/dev.jpg">
<meta property="og:updated_time" content="2017-09-23T17:18:24.000Z">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="移动开发者的冬天">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="前言我父亲在中国电信工作，平日很关心我的工作情况，大到深圳的各种人才培养政策、户口迁移相关事项、公租房等的福利，再到互联网行业的发展趋势，小到工作上的一些项目，比如 顺丰大当家 这个项目，为了支持我们他特意走完一遍测试流程，买了一箱乌鸡蛋感受一下顺丰快递的实力，确实是隔日就完好无损地送到，但在 APP 上却出现了一些 BUG 并反馈给我。 我父亲就是一个如此爱我，支持我并呵护着我的人。 昨晚跟我">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://bingozb.github.io/images/blog/43/cold.jpg">



<script type="text/javascript" id="hexo.configurations">
  var NexT = window.NexT || {};
  var CONFIG = {
    root: '/',
    scheme: 'Mist',
    sidebar: {"position":"left","display":"post","offset":12,"offset_float":0,"b2t":false,"scrollpercent":false},
    fancybox: true,
    motion: true,
    duoshuo: {
      userId: 'undefined',
      author: '博主'
    },
    algolia: {
      applicationID: 'JE30EVH7NI',
      apiKey: '862bb3deb9a3166ed99de0be6527f59c',
      indexName: 'blog',
      hits: {"per_page":10},
      labels: {"input_placeholder":"输入关键词进行搜索","hits_empty":"找不到关于「 ${query} 」的文章","hits_stats":"共找到 ${hits} 篇文章，花了 ${time} ms"}
    }
  };
</script>



  <link rel="canonical" href="https://bingozb.github.io/43.html"/>





  <title>移动开发者的冬天 | Bingo's Blog</title>
</head>

<body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" lang="zh-Hans">

  





  <script type="text/javascript">
    var _hmt = _hmt || [];
    (function() {
      var hm = document.createElement("script");
      hm.src = "https://hm.baidu.com/hm.js?c8a59b9753bce3ec58f81c89e2acce96";
      var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
      s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s);
    })();
  </script>










  
  
    
  

  <div class="container sidebar-position-left page-post-detail ">
    <div class="headband"></div>

    <header id="header" class="header" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader">
      <div class="header-inner"><div class="site-brand-wrapper">
  <div class="site-meta ">
    

    <div class="custom-logo-site-title">
      <a href="/"  class="brand" rel="start">
        <span class="logo-line-before"><i></i></span>
        <span class="site-title">Bingo's Blog</span>
        <span class="logo-line-after"><i></i></span>
      </a>
    </div>
      
        <p class="site-subtitle">Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish.</p>
      
  </div>

  <div class="site-nav-toggle">
    <button>
      <span class="btn-bar"></span>
      <span class="btn-bar"></span>
      <span class="btn-bar"></span>
    </button>
  </div>
</div>

<nav class="site-nav">
  

  
    <ul id="menu" class="menu">
      
        
        <li class="menu-item menu-item-home">
          <a href="/" rel="section">
            
              <i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-home"></i> <br />
            
            首页
          </a>
        </li>
      
        
        <li class="menu-item menu-item-categories">
          <a href="/categories" rel="section">
            
              <i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-th"></i> <br />
            
            分类
          </a>
        </li>
      
        
        <li class="menu-item menu-item-tags">
          <a href="/tags" rel="section">
            
              <i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-tags"></i> <br />
            
            标签
          </a>
        </li>
      
        
        <li class="menu-item menu-item-archives">
          <a href="/archives" rel="section">
            
              <i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-archive"></i> <br />
            
            归档
          </a>
        </li>
      
        
        <li class="menu-item menu-item-about">
          <a href="/about" rel="section">
            
              <i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-user"></i> <br />
            
            关于
          </a>
        </li>
      

      
        <li class="menu-item menu-item-search">
          
            <a href="javascript:;" class="popup-trigger">
          
            
              <i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-search fa-fw"></i> <br />
            
            搜索
          </a>
        </li>
      
    </ul>
  

  
    <div class="site-search">
      
  <div class="popup search-popup local-search-popup">
  <div class="local-search-header clearfix">
    <span class="search-icon">
      <i class="fa fa-search"></i>
    </span>
    <span class="popup-btn-close">
      <i class="fa fa-times-circle"></i>
    </span>
    <div class="local-search-input-wrapper">
      <input autocapitalize="off" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off"
             placeholder="搜索..." spellcheck="false"
             type="text" id="local-search-input">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="local-search-result"></div>
</div>



    </div>
  
</nav>



 </div>
    </header>

    <main id="main" class="main">
      <div class="main-inner">
        <div class="content-wrap">
          <div id="content" class="content">
            

  <div id="posts" class="posts-expand">
    

  

  
  
  

  <article class="post post-type-normal " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
    <link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://bingozb.github.io/43.html">

    <span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
      <meta itemprop="name" content="Bingo">
      <meta itemprop="description" content="">
      <meta itemprop="image" content="/images/avatar.jpg">
    </span>

    <span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
      <meta itemprop="name" content="Bingo's Blog">
    </span>

    
      <header class="post-header">

        
        
          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
            
            
              
                移动开发者的冬天
              
            
          </h1>
        

        <div class="post-meta">
          <span class="post-time">
            
              <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
                <i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i>
              </span>
              
                <span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span>
              
              <time title="创建于" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2017-07-23T05:50:21+08:00">
                2017-07-23
              </time>
            

            

            
          </span>

          
            <span class="post-category" >
            
              <span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
            
              <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
                <i class="fa fa-folder-o"></i>
              </span>
              
                <span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span>
              
              
                <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
                  <a href="/categories/战斗笔记/" itemprop="url" rel="index">
                    <span itemprop="name">战斗笔记</span>
                  </a>
                </span>

                
                
              
            </span>
          

          
            
              <span class="post-comments-count">
              <span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
              <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
                <i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i>
              </span>
              
                <a href="/43.html#SOHUCS" itemprop="discussionUrl">
                  <span id="changyan_count_unit" class="post-comments-count hc-comment-count" data-xid="43.html" itemprop="commentsCount"></span>
                </a>
              
            
          

          
          
             <span id="/43.html" class="leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="移动开发者的冬天">
               <span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
               <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
                 <i class="fa fa-eye"></i>
               </span>
               
                 <span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数 </span>
               
                 <span class="leancloud-visitors-count"></span>
             </span>
          

          

          

          

        </div>
      </header>
    

    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody">

      
      

      
        <p><img src="/images/blog/43/cold.jpg" alt="dev"></p>
<h2 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h2><p>我父亲在中国电信工作，平日很关心我的工作情况，大到深圳的各种人才培养政策、户口迁移相关事项、公租房等的福利，再到互联网行业的发展趋势，小到工作上的一些项目，比如 <strong>顺丰大当家</strong> 这个项目，为了支持我们他特意走完一遍测试流程，买了一箱乌鸡蛋感受一下顺丰快递的实力，确实是隔日就完好无损地送到，但在 APP 上却出现了一些 BUG 并反馈给我。</p>
<p>我父亲就是一个如此爱我，支持我并呵护着我的人。</p>
<p>昨晚跟我父亲打了一通电话，又聊到了现在的工作前景，最后我父亲感到十分担忧，因为我觉得，移动开发者的冬天真的来了。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="背景"><a href="#背景" class="headerlink" title="背景"></a>背景</h2><p>几年前，客户端开发热门得一塌糊涂，以至于在国内涌出一大片培训班。以 iOS 为例，花个1、2万去培训班学大个半年，出来后在面试时就可以声称自己已有2-3年开发经验并且能蒙混过关，月薪拿个1W5毫无压力。这导致近几年国内客户端开发者数量非常多，且能力参差不齐。</p>
<p>而现在放在市场上看，先不说以培训班出身的水平即 UI 拖拽师已经很难找到工作，而一些稍有资历的客户端开发者也已经感觉到市场已经明显饱和。</p>
<p>这里的原因有很多，列几个我认为比较关键的：</p>
<ul>
<li>开发的门槛越来越低，得益于日渐完善的开发套件以及学习资料</li>
<li>供大于求，App 创业潮的冷却导致岗位减少</li>
<li>大前端的概念推出，以 Weex 和 React Native 为主导的多端复用以及 Hybrid 架构的流行</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="开发的门槛越来越低"><a href="#开发的门槛越来越低" class="headerlink" title="开发的门槛越来越低"></a>开发的门槛越来越低</h3><p>在 iOS 最火热的年代的开始，大约是在2013到2014年之间吧。那时候，客户端其实大部分处于一个白板期，开发资料的欠缺，大家还是再以 PC Web 的模式去玩客户端。在那个时候，作为纯 UI 开发是很容易找工作的，甚至不需要了解底层、操作系统、网络等等，只要你能快速画上 UI，满足业务需求迭代，就能很轻易收割到 Offer。</p>
<p>再后来，我们慢慢发现曾经只有“大神”才会的 hook、编译原理、逆向等等都成了标配，这就是技术领域成熟所带来的结果。在 Facebook 的主导下，客户端玩起了 Three20，Hybrid 模式架构由此产生。同时慢慢衍生出 WaxPatch、JSPatch 等等高难度的框架。在 H5 流行的年代，由 PhoneGap、AppCan 等等一些跨平台或者说比较综合的解决方案冒出，但是使用的范围不大，最终被现在的 Weex / RN 所取代。</p>
<p>在这样的背景下，国内 App 巨头开始形成规模，手淘、微信、支付宝、百度等等会因为业务的场景不同出现客户端的中间件，可以说2015年是客户端最光鲜的一年，因为那一年客户端的技术成长是最快的。</p>
<p>客户端的开发成熟了，学习资料也多了，公司对人才的要求也高了。</p>
<h3 id="供大于求"><a href="#供大于求" class="headerlink" title="供大于求"></a>供大于求</h3><p>在过去几年的时间里，互联网界掀起过 App 创业流，几乎到了任何一个创业团队都会有自己的一个 App 的阶段。那时候股市也好，新三板上随处可见 PPT 概念公司。因为有钱，给客户端开发者开的工资也非常高，大家都涌向客户端开发。</p>
<p>而现在是一个通货膨胀的年代，客户端需求大大减少。除非你真的有一技之长，否则将会淹没在广大的客户端开发者人群中。</p>
<h3 id="大前端的出现"><a href="#大前端的出现" class="headerlink" title="大前端的出现"></a>大前端的出现</h3><p>前端的框架变化实在是太快了，当你还活在 JQuery 的年代，了解着 bootstrap 时候，有人已经在玩 AngularJS 了，而更有人已经开始玩 React 了，再甚至已经出现 Vue 来结合 AngularJS 和 React 了。</p>
<p>Weex 和 React Native 的出现，已经足以动摇客户端开发的地位了。在这个年代，你说不懂点前端，怎么好意思说自己是客户端开发呢。那要了解的东西太多了，webpack 你得懂吧？babel 也要知道吧？MVVM databinding ES6 ES7 promise 等等，讲真，脑子不太够用，而且我相信绝大多数客户端开发者对前端领域很陌生。</p>
<p>Weex 和 React Native 在大公司的流行，必然有它的道理。热部署、跨平台都是优势，但最重要的是它们俩减少了客户端的重复工作，结果就是能让公司少招点客户端开发。</p>
<h3 id="机器学习-amp-AR"><a href="#机器学习-amp-AR" class="headerlink" title="机器学习 &amp; AR"></a>机器学习 &amp; AR</h3><p>也许你会说今年 WWDC 给客户端打了强力一针，机器学习+AR。不得不泼冷水，机器学习跟做普通的 App 有啥关系吗？AR 也是同理，有多少 App 需要用的到？再说机器学习的学习成本有多大，AR 关于图形学的知识要学多久，这些都是问题。</p>
<h2 id="正能量"><a href="#正能量" class="headerlink" title="正能量"></a>正能量</h2><p>其实也不是如此悲观，做程序做一定时间后，都会有一个感觉，就是语言只是工具，不同的语言解决相同的问题基本还是类似的套路，融会贯通。</p>
<p><img src="images/blog/43/dev.jpg" alt="dev"></p>
<p>移动开发者不懂前端、后台，反过来，做前端和后台的他们也不懂 iOS、Android。如果说移动开发的冬天来了，那么前端、后台早已经 N 年前就在冬天里冻僵了，但事实证明他们还是活下来了。</p>
<p>浪潮从 PC 到移动到现在 AI、ML、大数据、云计算等集群服务，谁站在浪尖上谁就火。90年代国企员工不吃香了，摇身一变成个体户照样吃香的喝辣的，人最大的本领就是适应环境。</p>
<p>举个例子，我们学校有一个移动互联专业的老师，叫赖红，现在教我们 Android，他以前是做塞班的，现在一样可以在这个行业贡献自己的一份力量。</p>
<p>（什么？没听过塞班？symbianOS，是诺基亚上运行的操作系统。）<br>（什么？没听说过诺基亚？…）</p>
<h2 id="未来"><a href="#未来" class="headerlink" title="未来"></a>未来</h2><p>未来一定属于 T 型人才的，何为 T 型人才？</p>
<p><strong>即在某一领域有很强的能力，并且有技术广度</strong>。</p>
<p>怎么理解这句话，其实就是偏向于客户端的全栈。不，应该说偏向于大前端的全栈，光会客户端是没用的。</p>
<p>而我的选择是，保持客户端深度的同时，摸索前端，着重在后端领域深入下去。任何一个时代都不会缺后端的，并且基础技术方案的迭代是很缓慢的。最起码，学完 SSH 或者 SSM 三大框架后，了解一些设计（比如不是所有项目都要要 IOC，hadoop 就是例外），蹭蹭热点（虚拟机 &amp; docker）。如果客户端真的没落了，也能转向后端。</p>
<h2 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h2><p>文章中的见解完全是我的个人想法，并非故意挑起党派之争，我好像也没有说哪个语言是世界上最好的语言吧，嘿嘿。如果有思想上的碰撞，也无所谓，当我没说。</p>
<p>不管你接不接受，移动开发者的冬天确实已经来了。对于大部分3年以内工作经验的开发者而言，还有谁以为跳槽能涨工资呢，没有3-5年的工作经验，没有一身的装逼特技，谁会要你？</p>
<p>端正心态，跟随时代的潮流不断学习，提升自己，抓住机遇，迎接挑战，选定扩展的方向，争取做 T 型人才，学会思考，才是有未来的开发者。</p>

      
    </div>

    <div>
      
        

      
    </div>

    <div>
      
        

      
    </div>

    <div>
      
        
  <ul class="post-copyright">
    <li class="post-copyright-author">
      <strong>本文作者：</strong>
      Bingo
    </li>
    <li class="post-copyright-link">
      <strong>本文链接：</strong>
      <a href="https://bingozb.github.io/43.html" title="移动开发者的冬天">https://bingozb.github.io/43.html</a>
    </li>
    <li class="post-copyright-license">
      <strong>版权声明： </strong>
      本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 MIT 许可协议。转载请注明出处！
    </li>
  </ul>


      
    </div>

    <footer class="post-footer">
      
        <div class="post-tags">
          
            <a href="/tags/iOS/" rel="tag"># iOS</a>
          
        </div>
      

      
        
      

      
        <div class="post-nav">
          <div class="post-nav-next post-nav-item">
            
              <a href="/45.html" rel="next" title="解决iOS半透明导航栏导致阴影问题">
                <i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i> 解决iOS半透明导航栏导致阴影问题
              </a>
            
          </div>

          <span class="post-nav-divider"></span>

          <div class="post-nav-prev post-nav-item">
            
              <a href="/42.html" rel="prev" title="Docker 构建测试环境">
                Docker 构建测试环境 <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i>
              </a>
            
          </div>
        </div>
      

      
      
    </footer>
  </article>



    <div class="post-spread">
      
    </div>
  </div>


          </div>
          


          
  <div class="comments" id="comments">
    
      <div id="SOHUCS"></div>
    
  </div>


        </div>
        
          
  
  <div class="sidebar-toggle">
    <div class="sidebar-toggle-line-wrap">
      <span class="sidebar-toggle-line sidebar-toggle-line-first"></span>
      <span class="sidebar-toggle-line sidebar-toggle-line-middle"></span>
      <span class="sidebar-toggle-line sidebar-toggle-line-last"></span>
    </div>
  </div>

  <aside id="sidebar" class="sidebar">
    <div class="sidebar-inner">

      

      
        <ul class="sidebar-nav motion-element">
          <li class="sidebar-nav-toc sidebar-nav-active" data-target="post-toc-wrap" >
            文章目录
          </li>
          <li class="sidebar-nav-overview" data-target="site-overview">
            站点概览
          </li>
        </ul>
      

      <section class="site-overview sidebar-panel">
        <div class="site-author motion-element" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
          <img class="site-author-image" itemprop="image"
               src="/images/avatar.jpg"
               alt="Bingo" />
          <p class="site-author-name" itemprop="name">Bingo</p>
           
              <p class="site-description motion-element" itemprop="description">He who hesitates is lost.</p>
          
        </div>
        <nav class="site-state motion-element">

          
            <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
              <a href="/archives">
                <span class="site-state-item-count">55</span>
                <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
              </a>
            </div>
          

          
            
            
            <div class="site-state-item site-state-categories">
              <a href="/categories/index.html">
                <span class="site-state-item-count">4</span>
                <span class="site-state-item-name">分类</span>
              </a>
            </div>
          

          
            
            
            <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
              <a href="/tags/index.html">
                <span class="site-state-item-count">22</span>
                <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span>
              </a>
            </div>
          

        </nav>

        
          <div class="feed-link motion-element">
            <a href="/atom.xml" rel="alternate">
              <i class="fa fa-rss"></i>
              RSS
            </a>
          </div>
        

        <div class="links-of-author motion-element">
          
            
              <span class="links-of-author-item">
                <a href="https://github.com/bingozb" target="_blank" title="GitHub">
                  
                    <i class="fa fa-fw fa-github"></i>
                  
                  GitHub
                </a>
              </span>
            
              <span class="links-of-author-item">
                <a href="https://coding.net/u/bingozb" target="_blank" title="Coding">
                  
                    <i class="fa fa-fw fa-git"></i>
                  
                  Coding
                </a>
              </span>
            
              <span class="links-of-author-item">
                <a href="https://twitter.com/bingo_v587" target="_blank" title="Twitter">
                  
                    <i class="fa fa-fw fa-twitter"></i>
                  
                  Twitter
                </a>
              </span>
            
              <span class="links-of-author-item">
                <a href="https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100013406670597" target="_blank" title="Facebook">
                  
                    <i class="fa fa-fw fa-facebook"></i>
                  
                  Facebook
                </a>
              </span>
            
          
        </div>

        
        

        
        

        


      </section>

      
      <!--noindex-->
        <section class="post-toc-wrap motion-element sidebar-panel sidebar-panel-active">
          <div class="post-toc">

            
              
            

            
              <div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#前言"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">前言</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#背景"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">背景</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#开发的门槛越来越低"><span class="nav-number">2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">开发的门槛越来越低</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#供大于求"><span class="nav-number">2.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">供大于求</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#大前端的出现"><span class="nav-number">2.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">大前端的出现</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#机器学习-amp-AR"><span class="nav-number">2.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">机器学习 & AR</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#正能量"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">正能量</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#未来"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">未来</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#总结"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">总结</span></a></li></ol></div>
            

          </div>
        </section>
      <!--/noindex-->
      

      

    </div>
  </aside>


        
      </div>
    </main>

    <footer id="footer" class="footer">
      <div class="footer-inner">
        <div class="copyright" >
  
  Copyright © 
  <span itemprop="copyrightYear">2017
  </span>
  <span class="author" itemprop="copyrightHolder">Bingo
  </span>
  All rights reserved.
</div>
        

        
      </div>
    </footer>

    
      <div class="back-to-top">
        <i class="fa fa-arrow-up"></i>
        
      </div>
    

  </div>

  

<script type="text/javascript">
  if (Object.prototype.toString.call(window.Promise) !== '[object Function]') {
    window.Promise = null;
  }
</script>









  












  
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/jquery/index.js?v=2.1.3"></script>

  
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/fastclick/lib/fastclick.min.js?v=1.0.6"></script>

  
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/jquery_lazyload/jquery.lazyload.js?v=1.9.7"></script>

  
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/velocity/velocity.min.js?v=1.2.1"></script>

  
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/velocity/velocity.ui.min.js?v=1.2.1"></script>

  
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/fancybox/source/jquery.fancybox.pack.js?v=2.1.5"></script>


  


  <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/utils.js?v=5.1.1"></script>

  <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/motion.js?v=5.1.1"></script>



  
  

  
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/scrollspy.js?v=5.1.1"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/post-details.js?v=5.1.1"></script>



  


  <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/bootstrap.js?v=5.1.1"></script>



  


  




	





  





  





  




  
    <script type="text/javascript">
    (function(){
      var appid = 'cytcdzpa3';
      var conf = 'c0c6117021d1cea9f11629100efd8446';
      var width = window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth;
      if (width < 960) {
      window.document.write('<script id="changyan_mobile_js" charset="utf-8" type="text/javascript" src="https://changyan.sohu.com/upload/mobile/wap-js/changyan_mobile.js?client_id=' + appid + '&conf=' + conf + '"><\/script>'); } else { var loadJs=function(d,a){var c=document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]||document.head||document.documentElement;var b=document.createElement("script");b.setAttribute("type","text/javascript");b.setAttribute("charset","UTF-8");b.setAttribute("src",d);if(typeof a==="function"){if(window.attachEvent){b.onreadystatechange=function(){var e=b.readyState;if(e==="loaded"||e==="complete"){b.onreadystatechange=null;a()}}}else{b.onload=a}}c.appendChild(b)};loadJs("https://changyan.sohu.com/upload/changyan.js",function(){
        window.changyan.api.config({appid:appid,conf:conf})});
      }
    })();
    </script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://assets.changyan.sohu.com/upload/plugins/plugins.count.js"></script>
  



  

  <script type="text/javascript">
    // Popup Window;
    var isfetched = false;
    var isXml = true;
    // Search DB path;
    var search_path = "search.xml";
    if (search_path.length === 0) {
      search_path = "search.xml";
    } else if (search_path.endsWith("json")) {
      isXml = false;
    }
    var path = "/" + search_path;
    // monitor main search box;

    var onPopupClose = function (e) {
      $('.popup').hide();
      $('#local-search-input').val('');
      $('.search-result-list').remove();
      $('#no-result').remove();
      $(".local-search-pop-overlay").remove();
      $('body').css('overflow', '');
    }

    function proceedsearch() {
      $("body")
        .append('<div class="search-popup-overlay local-search-pop-overlay"></div>')
        .css('overflow', 'hidden');
      $('.search-popup-overlay').click(onPopupClose);
      $('.popup').toggle();
      $('#local-search-input').focus();
    }

    // search function;
    var searchFunc = function(path, search_id, content_id) {
      'use strict';

      // start loading animation
      $("body")
        .append('<div class="search-popup-overlay local-search-pop-overlay">' +
          '<div id="search-loading-icon">' +
          '<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-5x fa-fw"></i>' +
          '</div>' +
          '</div>')
        .css('overflow', 'hidden');
      $("#search-loading-icon").css('margin', '20% auto 0 auto').css('text-align', 'center');

      $.ajax({
        url: path,
        dataType: isXml ? "xml" : "json",
        async: true,
        success: function(res) {
          // get the contents from search data
          isfetched = true;
          $('.popup').detach().appendTo('.header-inner');
          var datas = isXml ? $("entry", res).map(function() {
            return {
              title: $("title", this).text(),
              content: $("content",this).text(),
              url: $("url" , this).text()
            };
          }).get() : res;
          var input = document.getElementById(search_id);
          var resultContent = document.getElementById(content_id);
          var inputEventFunction = function() {
            var searchText = input.value.trim().toLowerCase();
            var keywords = searchText.split(/[\s\-]+/);
            if (keywords.length > 1) {
              keywords.push(searchText);
            }
            var resultItems = [];
            if (searchText.length > 0) {
              // perform local searching
              datas.forEach(function(data) {
                var isMatch = false;
                var hitCount = 0;
                var searchTextCount = 0;
                var title = data.title.trim();
                var titleInLowerCase = title.toLowerCase();
                var content = data.content.trim().replace(/<[^>]+>/g,"");
                var contentInLowerCase = content.toLowerCase();
                var articleUrl = decodeURIComponent(data.url);
                var indexOfTitle = [];
                var indexOfContent = [];
                // only match articles with not empty titles
                if(title != '') {
                  keywords.forEach(function(keyword) {
                    function getIndexByWord(word, text, caseSensitive) {
                      var wordLen = word.length;
                      if (wordLen === 0) {
                        return [];
                      }
                      var startPosition = 0, position = [], index = [];
                      if (!caseSensitive) {
                        text = text.toLowerCase();
                        word = word.toLowerCase();
                      }
                      while ((position = text.indexOf(word, startPosition)) > -1) {
                        index.push({position: position, word: word});
                        startPosition = position + wordLen;
                      }
                      return index;
                    }

                    indexOfTitle = indexOfTitle.concat(getIndexByWord(keyword, titleInLowerCase, false));
                    indexOfContent = indexOfContent.concat(getIndexByWord(keyword, contentInLowerCase, false));
                  });
                  if (indexOfTitle.length > 0 || indexOfContent.length > 0) {
                    isMatch = true;
                    hitCount = indexOfTitle.length + indexOfContent.length;
                  }
                }

                // show search results

                if (isMatch) {
                  // sort index by position of keyword

                  [indexOfTitle, indexOfContent].forEach(function (index) {
                    index.sort(function (itemLeft, itemRight) {
                      if (itemRight.position !== itemLeft.position) {
                        return itemRight.position - itemLeft.position;
                      } else {
                        return itemLeft.word.length - itemRight.word.length;
                      }
                    });
                  });

                  // merge hits into slices

                  function mergeIntoSlice(text, start, end, index) {
                    var item = index[index.length - 1];
                    var position = item.position;
                    var word = item.word;
                    var hits = [];
                    var searchTextCountInSlice = 0;
                    while (position + word.length <= end && index.length != 0) {
                      if (word === searchText) {
                        searchTextCountInSlice++;
                      }
                      hits.push({position: position, length: word.length});
                      var wordEnd = position + word.length;

                      // move to next position of hit

                      index.pop();
                      while (index.length != 0) {
                        item = index[index.length - 1];
                        position = item.position;
                        word = item.word;
                        if (wordEnd > position) {
                          index.pop();
                        } else {
                          break;
                        }
                      }
                    }
                    searchTextCount += searchTextCountInSlice;
                    return {
                      hits: hits,
                      start: start,
                      end: end,
                      searchTextCount: searchTextCountInSlice
                    };
                  }

                  var slicesOfTitle = [];
                  if (indexOfTitle.length != 0) {
                    slicesOfTitle.push(mergeIntoSlice(title, 0, title.length, indexOfTitle));
                  }

                  var slicesOfContent = [];
                  while (indexOfContent.length != 0) {
                    var item = indexOfContent[indexOfContent.length - 1];
                    var position = item.position;
                    var word = item.word;
                    // cut out 100 characters
                    var start = position - 20;
                    var end = position + 80;
                    if(start < 0){
                      start = 0;
                    }
                    if (end < position + word.length) {
                      end = position + word.length;
                    }
                    if(end > content.length){
                      end = content.length;
                    }
                    slicesOfContent.push(mergeIntoSlice(content, start, end, indexOfContent));
                  }

                  // sort slices in content by search text's count and hits' count

                  slicesOfContent.sort(function (sliceLeft, sliceRight) {
                    if (sliceLeft.searchTextCount !== sliceRight.searchTextCount) {
                      return sliceRight.searchTextCount - sliceLeft.searchTextCount;
                    } else if (sliceLeft.hits.length !== sliceRight.hits.length) {
                      return sliceRight.hits.length - sliceLeft.hits.length;
                    } else {
                      return sliceLeft.start - sliceRight.start;
                    }
                  });

                  // select top N slices in content

                  var upperBound = parseInt('-1');
                  if (upperBound >= 0) {
                    slicesOfContent = slicesOfContent.slice(0, upperBound);
                  }

                  // highlight title and content

                  function highlightKeyword(text, slice) {
                    var result = '';
                    var prevEnd = slice.start;
                    slice.hits.forEach(function (hit) {
                      result += text.substring(prevEnd, hit.position);
                      var end = hit.position + hit.length;
                      result += '<b class="search-keyword">' + text.substring(hit.position, end) + '</b>';
                      prevEnd = end;
                    });
                    result += text.substring(prevEnd, slice.end);
                    return result;
                  }

                  var resultItem = '';

                  if (slicesOfTitle.length != 0) {
                    resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + highlightKeyword(title, slicesOfTitle[0]) + "</a>";
                  } else {
                    resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + title + "</a>";
                  }

                  slicesOfContent.forEach(function (slice) {
                    resultItem += "<a href='" + articleUrl + "'>" +
                      "<p class=\"search-result\">" + highlightKeyword(content, slice) +
                      "...</p>" + "</a>";
                  });

                  resultItem += "</li>";
                  resultItems.push({
                    item: resultItem,
                    searchTextCount: searchTextCount,
                    hitCount: hitCount,
                    id: resultItems.length
                  });
                }
              })
            };
            if (keywords.length === 1 && keywords[0] === "") {
              resultContent.innerHTML = '<div id="no-result"><i class="fa fa-search fa-5x" /></div>'
            } else if (resultItems.length === 0) {
              resultContent.innerHTML = '<div id="no-result"><i class="fa fa-frown-o fa-5x" /></div>'
            } else {
              resultItems.sort(function (resultLeft, resultRight) {
                if (resultLeft.searchTextCount !== resultRight.searchTextCount) {
                  return resultRight.searchTextCount - resultLeft.searchTextCount;
                } else if (resultLeft.hitCount !== resultRight.hitCount) {
                  return resultRight.hitCount - resultLeft.hitCount;
                } else {
                  return resultRight.id - resultLeft.id;
                }
              });
              var searchResultList = '<ul class=\"search-result-list\">';
              resultItems.forEach(function (result) {
                searchResultList += result.item;
              })
              searchResultList += "</ul>";
              resultContent.innerHTML = searchResultList;
            }
          }

          if ('auto' === 'auto') {
            input.addEventListener('input', inputEventFunction);
          } else {
            $('.search-icon').click(inputEventFunction);
            input.addEventListener('keypress', function (event) {
              if (event.keyCode === 13) {
                inputEventFunction();
              }
            });
          }

          // remove loading animation
          $(".local-search-pop-overlay").remove();
          $('body').css('overflow', '');

          proceedsearch();
        }
      });
    }

    // handle and trigger popup window;
    $('.popup-trigger').click(function(e) {
      e.stopPropagation();
      if (isfetched === false) {
        searchFunc(path, 'local-search-input', 'local-search-result');
      } else {
        proceedsearch();
      };
    });

    $('.popup-btn-close').click(onPopupClose);
    $('.popup').click(function(e){
      e.stopPropagation();
    });
    $(document).on('keyup', function (event) {
      var shouldDismissSearchPopup = event.which === 27 &&
        $('.search-popup').is(':visible');
      if (shouldDismissSearchPopup) {
        onPopupClose();
      }
    });
  </script>





  

  
  <script src="https://cdn1.lncld.net/static/js/av-core-mini-0.6.1.js"></script>
  <script>AV.initialize("A9MeTkIR49W9kOOSvkggsXge-gzGzoHsz", "HaIEOSDyxpcjwOjRjCYxiWjA");</script>
  <script>
    function showTime(Counter) {
      var query = new AV.Query(Counter);
      var entries = [];
      var $visitors = $(".leancloud_visitors");

      $visitors.each(function () {
        entries.push( $(this).attr("id").trim() );
      });

      query.containedIn('url', entries);
      query.find()
        .done(function (results) {
          var COUNT_CONTAINER_REF = '.leancloud-visitors-count';

          if (results.length === 0) {
            $visitors.find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF).text(0);
            return;
          }

          for (var i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
            var item = results[i];
            var url = item.get('url');
            var time = item.get('time');
            var element = document.getElementById(url);

            $(element).find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF).text(time);
          }
          for(var i = 0; i < entries.length; i++) {
            var url = entries[i];
            var element = document.getElementById(url);
            var countSpan = $(element).find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF);
            if( countSpan.text() == '') {
              countSpan.text(0);
            }
          }
        })
        .fail(function (object, error) {
          console.log("Error: " + error.code + " " + error.message);
        });
    }

    function addCount(Counter) {
      var $visitors = $(".leancloud_visitors");
      var url = $visitors.attr('id').trim();
      var title = $visitors.attr('data-flag-title').trim();
      var query = new AV.Query(Counter);

      query.equalTo("url", url);
      query.find({
        success: function(results) {
          if (results.length > 0) {
            var counter = results[0];
            counter.fetchWhenSave(true);
            counter.increment("time");
            counter.save(null, {
              success: function(counter) {
                var $element = $(document.getElementById(url));
                $element.find('.leancloud-visitors-count').text(counter.get('time'));
              },
              error: function(counter, error) {
                console.log('Failed to save Visitor num, with error message: ' + error.message);
              }
            });
          } else {
            var newcounter = new Counter();
            /* Set ACL */
            var acl = new AV.ACL();
            acl.setPublicReadAccess(true);
            acl.setPublicWriteAccess(true);
            newcounter.setACL(acl);
            /* End Set ACL */
            newcounter.set("title", title);
            newcounter.set("url", url);
            newcounter.set("time", 1);
            newcounter.save(null, {
              success: function(newcounter) {
                var $element = $(document.getElementById(url));
                $element.find('.leancloud-visitors-count').text(newcounter.get('time'));
              },
              error: function(newcounter, error) {
                console.log('Failed to create');
              }
            });
          }
        },
        error: function(error) {
          console.log('Error:' + error.code + " " + error.message);
        }
      });
    }

    $(function() {
      var Counter = AV.Object.extend("Counter");
      if ($('.leancloud_visitors').length == 1) {
        addCount(Counter);
      } else if ($('.post-title-link').length > 1) {
        showTime(Counter);
      }
    });
  </script>



  
<script>
(function(){
    var bp = document.createElement('script');
    var curProtocol = window.location.protocol.split(':')[0];
    if (curProtocol === 'https') {
        bp.src = 'https://zz.bdstatic.com/linksubmit/push.js';        
    }
    else {
        bp.src = 'http://push.zhanzhang.baidu.com/push.js';
    }
    var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
    s.parentNode.insertBefore(bp, s);
})();
</script>


  

  

  

</body>
</html>
